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Ecological conservation, remediation and construction for building an ecological civilization in China: concepts for ecological activity

Guofang SHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 376-379 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017186

摘要： This paper explains and discusses the concepts of ecological conservation and construction in China in three parts. The first part provides a brief description of the historical background of ecological activities in China and their major achievements in the past. The second part is a comprehensive review of various types of ecological control activity aimed at the improvement of natural and artificially established ecosystems at the landscape, regional (watershed) and higher levels. The scope of and differences between some ecological terms used in China such as ecological protection, conservation, remediation (rehabilitation), restoration as well as the reestablishment of new ecosystems are elaborated. The review suggests that the term “ecological conservation and construction” should be used to embrace all types of ecological control activity in China. Finally, five guidelines are proposed for promoting the implementation of ecological conservation and construction in China based on the two important governmental documents related to the development of ecological civilization in China.

关键词： ecological conservation development construction ” description important governmental

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发展高新技术必先营造制度环境

郭重庆

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第8期页码 55-58

摘要：

结合国内外专家对经济增长源泉认识的不同观点及我国企业的现状和面临的问题，认为营造制度环境和管理创新是发展我国高新技术的关键。

关键词：高新技术经济发展制度创新管理创新

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Air pollution and its control in China

HAO Jiming, HE Kebin, DUAN Lei, LI Junhua, WANG Litao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 129-142 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0024-2

摘要： The rapid growth of China s economy has led to severe air pollution characterized by acid rain, severe pollution in cities, and regional air pollution. High concentrations are found for various pollutants such as sulfur dioxides (SO), nitrogen oxides (NO), and fine particulates. Great efforts have thus been undertaken for the control of air pollution in the country. This paper discusses the development and application of appropriate technologies for reducing the major pollutants produced by coal and vehicles, and investigates air quality modeling as an important support for policy-making.

关键词： control development country regional important support

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Investigation of the structural form optimization methods of high-rise buildings

ZHANG Shihai, WANG Li, OU Jinping, WANG Guangyuan

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 182-187 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0020-4

摘要： In this paper, the structural form optimization methods of high-rise buildings based on the expert system (ES), case-based reasoning (CBR), and knowledge discovery in database (KDD) are evaluated systematically. The characteristics and shortcomings of each method are pointed out. It is predicted that the incorporation of these three techniques into an intelligent form optimization method will be an important development direction in the future. Finally, the unified intelligent form selection model combined with concepts of ES, CBR, KDD and artificially intelligent beautification is proposed. In consideration of the needs of human beings, machinery and computation, the model has been used for structural design combined with relevant knowledge, means, maneuver and strategy. The model plays an important role and has practical value in the process of artificially intelligent form optimization. It effectively reduces the blindness and failure of computer-aided structural design.

关键词： case-based reasoning computation KDD important development high-rise

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Elements’ important ranking of China drug safety management system: applying the non-structural

Xiaoping ZHENG, Xiaocui WANG, Tingkuan ZHONG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 290-299 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0283-5

摘要： Drug safety management is an important issue in China drug management system and attracts great attentions from the whole society. In order to reduce drug incident, this study discusses some important elements associated with China drug safety management system and analyzes the data collected by questionnaires. Besides, a methodology for rating the important elements is described and applied. The non-structural fuzzy group decision method not only considers the insufficient precise information but also combines the opinions of different kinds of respondents in China’s four municipalities. The results indicate that the sample systems are the most important in these important elements, and the order of importance is sampling systems, licensing systems, traceability systems, transaction models, pharmacovigilance and emergence management. This study not only points out the important ranking of the pivotal elements in China drug safety management but also gives some specific proposals about how to enhance drug safety management in China.

关键词： management system different management important ranking non-structural fuzzy

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海洋运载工程发展战略研究

“中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究”海洋运载课题组

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第2期页码 10-18 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.02.002

摘要：

海洋运载装备是认知海洋、开发海洋、利用海洋、维护海洋权益的基础和保障。本文结合海洋运载工程与科技发展的战略需求，在深入剖析国内外发展现状与差距的基础上，明确海洋运载工程与科技未来的发展方向和趋势，研究提出我国海洋运载装备发展的战略定位、目标、战略任务与重点领域，并提出相应的措施和政策建议，供行业相关部门参考。

关键词：海洋运载装备重要保障工程与科技发展战略

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天然气是能源低碳化发展的重要阶段和趋势

胡见义,郭彬程

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第4期页码 9-14

摘要：

随着经济和科技的发展，化石能源发展由低效走向高效，由高碳走向低碳。能源替代将是长期以化石能源为主体和新能源快速发展的过渡。天然气以其常规和非常规巨大资源和高储采比成为低碳化石能源发展的重要阶段，并将成为第一能源。利用化石能源中相对低碳的天然气已引起世界范围的热议和重视，天然气将成为走向能源低碳化的桥梁。天然气在中国也是“新”能源，具有很大的发展潜力。

关键词：天然气低碳化石能源

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Presentation of machine learning methods to determine the most important factors affecting road traffic

Hamid MIRZAHOSSEIN; Milad SASHURPOUR; Seyed Mohsen HOSSEINIAN; Vahid Najafi Moghaddam GILANI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 657-666 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0827-z

摘要： The purpose of this research was to develop statistical and intelligent models for predicting the severity of road traffic accidents (RTAs) on rural roads. Multiple Logistic Regression (MLR) was used to predict the likelihood of RTAs. For more accurate prediction, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radius Basis Function (RBF) neural networks were applied. Results indicated that in MLR, the model obtained from the backward method with the correct percent of 84.7% and R² value of 0.893 was the best method for predicting the likelihood of RTAs. Also, MLR showed that the variables of not paying attention to the front not paying attention to the frontroad ahead, followed byand then vehicle-motorcycle/bike accidents were the greatest problems. Among the models, MLP had a better performance, so that the prediction accuracy of MLR, MLP, and RBF were 84.7%, 96.7%, and 92.1%, respectively. MLP model, due to higher accuracy, showed that the variable of reason of accident had the highest effect on the prediction of accidents, and considering MLR results, the variables of not paying attention to the front and then vehicle-motorcycle/bike accidents had the most influence on the occurrence of accidents. Therefore, motorcyclists and cyclists are more prone to accidents, and appropriate solutions should be adopted to enhance their safety.

关键词： safety rural accidents multiple logistic regression artificial neural networks

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Genomic regions under selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds

Xuexue LIU, Yuehui MA, Lin JIANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 289-294 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017155

摘要： Horses were domesticated 5500 years ago, thousands of years later than other domestic animals; however, in this relatively short period, domestic horses have had a great impact on human history by accelerating civilization, revolutionizing warfare and advancing agricultural production. Modern breeding using marker-assisted selection has greatly accelerated breeding progress. Therefore, identification of genetic markers underlying the traits of interest in domestic horses is the basis for the modern breeding system. In this review, we present an overview of genetic mapping studies and genome wide analyses to identify the genomic regions targeted by positive selection for four important aspects of horses, coat color, racing performance, gait and height at withers. The locus, for example, has been shown to be the main gene responsible for chestnut color, and the locus has been shown to control the muscle fiber growth in racing breeds. The missense mutation in is the causal mutation for the alternate gaits in horses. Height at withers, a quantitative trait, was mapped to four major loci (3:105547002, 6:81481064, 9:75550059 and 11:232597 32) that can explain 83% of the height variations in domestic horses.

关键词： horse coat color racing performance gait height

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Recent advances in understanding genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep

Song-Song XU, Meng-Hua LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 279-288 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017151

摘要： Sheep are one of the most economically important domesticated animals for human society. However, genetic improvements for the key traits associated with meat, growth, milk, wool, reproduction, horns and tails progress slowly using conventional crossbreeding methods. With the development and utilization of high-throughput screening technologies over the last decade, a list of functional genes and genetic variants associated with these traits has been identified. This review covers recent genome-wide studies on sheep productive traits using high-throughput screening technologies, including those based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants at the whole-genome level (e.g., genome-wide association studies), transcriptome and DNA methylation sequences. Additionally, comprehensive information on functional genes and genetic variants associated with economically important traits in sheep is provided.

关键词： sheep high-throughput screening productive traits genome-wide studies

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“7·23”旅客列车事故的重要启示

孙永福

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第12期页码 4-9

摘要：

阐述了“7·23”旅客列车事故发生经过并进行了原因分析，从工程管理视角研究提出了4点重要启示：强化铁路新产品研发管理，完善铁路新产品准入管理，提高铁路运输应急处置能力和科学有序地推动铁路建设。

关键词：旅客列车事故研发管理准入管理应急处置铁路建设管理

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知识发现领域中当今面临的五类重大问题

杨炳儒

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第4期页码 76-83

摘要：

系统地总结与提出知识发现(KD)领域中当今面临的五类重大问题，它们是KD中的两大核心问题、两大猜想问题、主流发展中富有挑战性的问题、应用研究中的相关领域重大问题以及KD技术标准的制定问题，并给出其部分成果或具体分析。这五类问题密切相关，对它们的研究必将KD推向新的发展阶段,并在该领域内外产生深刻的影响。

关键词： KD核心问题 KD猜想 KD挑战性问题蛋白质二级结构预测 KD技术标准

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Clinical factors associated with composition of lung microbiota and important taxa predicting clinical

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 389-402 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0856-3

摘要： Few studies have described the key features and prognostic roles of lung microbiota in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP). We prospectively enrolled consecutive SCAP patients admitted to ICU. Bronchoscopy was performed at bedside within 48 h of ICU admission, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to the collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The primary outcome was clinical improvements defined as a decrease of 2 categories and above on a 7-category ordinal scale within 14 days following bronchoscopy. Sixty-seven patients were included. Multivariable permutational multivariate analysis of variance found that positive bacteria lab test results had the strongest independent association with lung microbiota (R²=0.033; P=0.018), followed by acute kidney injury (AKI; R²=0.032; P=0.011) and plasma MIP-1β level (R²=0.027; P=0.044). Random forest identified that the families Prevotellaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Staphylococcaceae were the biomarkers related to the positive bacteria lab test results. Multivariable Cox regression showed that the increase in α-diversity and the abundance of the families Prevotellaceae and Actinomycetaceae were associated with clinical improvements. The positive bacteria lab test results, AKI, and plasma MIP-1β level were associated with patients’ lung microbiota composition on ICU admission. The families Prevotellaceae and Actinomycetaceae on admission predicted clinical improvements.

关键词： severe community-acquired pneumonia lung microbiota clinical improvements 7-category ordinal scale Prevotellaceae

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Sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients: an important and easily ignored problem based on a

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 118-126 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0306-6

摘要：

Intensive care unit (ICU) is important in the rehabilitation of critically ill patients. In the past decades, many patients who received aggressive treatment in ICU developed sclerosing cholangitis in multiple centers. Sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SC-CIP) is a relatively new issue. To investigate the causes, clinical manifestation, treatment, and prognosis of SC-CIP, we searched for published cases in the databases of PubMed, Highwire, and Elsevier from 2001 to 2012. Data were extracted using a standard form and retrospectively analyzed. Twelve eligible studies covering 88 patients, with 64 men and 24 women, were enrolled in this analysis. The mean age was 49.8 years. All of the patients recovered from critical illnesses, such as trauma, infection, burn, and major surgeries. High pressure positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP, peak level at 12.8 cm H₂O) was utilized for all patients, with the average duration of 36.3 d. In addition, vasopressor agents were administered in approximately 60% of SC-CIP. A rapid increase in cholestasis and irregular strictures in the intrahepatic bile ducts was observed in the following months. With an average follow-up period of 17.9 months, poor outcomes were observed in 54 patients, including 34 deaths. In conclusion, ischemic injury of the biliary tree, which may be affected by PEEP and/or vasopressor administration, affects cholangiopathic procedure. As a newly discovered type of secondary sclerosing cholangitis, SC-CIP is a severe progressive complication of patients in ICU and should be carefully monitored by clinicians.

关键词： intensive care unit sclerosing cholangitis ischemic injury prognosis systemic review

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设计科学中关于知识的研究——经济发展方式转变中要考虑的重要问题

谢友柏

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第4期页码 14-22

摘要：

本文研究了知识在人类设计一切有目的活动中的行为，分析了设计中知识的流动和在竞争中的完整化即进化，论证了创新和设计的关系以及创新和设计的知识本质。提出了设计是以已有知识为基础、设计是以新知识获取为中心、设计知识具有不完整性、竞争性等基本规律和基本特征，认为要依赖创新推动经济增长方式的转变，知识行为研究应该是设计科学的重要命题。

关键词：设计设计科学知识知识获取知识流